Kochia

Kochia Bassia scoparia   

by Jackie Braga

“What is a Weed? A weed is a plant whose virtues have never been discovered.”  Ralph Waldo Emerson

Kochia is an herbaceous plant that has naturalized in America from Eurasia.

Around 1900 In the USA this plant was introduced as an ornamental. It is drought and insect resistant. It is able to grow in very poor even salty soils. The plant now grows throughout much of Canada and the U.S.

Prior to maturity and seed production (less than 18 inches tall) kochia has good forage value and results in good livestock performance. Unfortunately when the plants are drought stressed, nitrate toxicity may occur. Also as the plants approach maturity marked toxicity to animals that ingest Kochia can occur. The seed head is the most toxic part of the plant containing high levels of oxalates and saponins. Oxalates absorb into the livestock’s circulation and bind with calcium to form insoluble calcium oxalate. If consumed rapidly and in very high quantities, it can lead to hypocalcemia, liver and kidney failure resulting in death to the livestock.

According to the Alternative Field Crops Manual, published by Wisconsin and Minnesota Extension, livestock should not graze kochia for more than 90-120 days to prevent oxalate toxicity. Rotational grazing with non kochia-infested pastures can also help prevent potential toxicity.

Medicinal uses of both leaves and seeds include antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic (anti-cancer), astringent, cardio tonic, and diuretic properties. Uses include heart, kidney, gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and dermatological applications. However toxicity as noted above can occur with use.

Because kochia is an annual plant, as long as it does not set seed, it will not propagate.  Even when Kochi does produce seed, the seed is short lived and performs poorly with competition.  The conditions when Kochi is successful are where most other plants are unable to grow, such as high salinity, alkaline soils and in drought.  We need to be much more educated and savvy in our approach to reducing and eradicating unwanted plants.

Especially plants like Kochia, where although it does produce abundant seed, and has a tumble weed method of seed dispersal allowing it to spread, it really is an indicator plant of poor soil conditions and poor farm management.  And Kochia is resistant to many herbicides requiring the use very toxic, long-lasting and multiple herbicides.   Application of poisons for control of unwanted plants causes many problems such as

a) Damaging non target plants so as to decrease biodiversity and especially to affect seed production of non-target plants.

b) Damaging agricultural land by harming beneficial insect species, soil microorganisms, and worms which are responsible for soil fertility and which naturally limit pest populations and maintain soil health.

c) Exposing people to increased health risks such as increased leukemia and lymphoma cancer rates in farmers or increased autism spectrum disorder rates in the children of women exposed to organophosphates.

If we really care about the long term future of the fertility of our soil, our ecosystem, our health and our children's health, we need to use solutions to our pest and weed problems that are nontoxic.  We need to change our cultural methods of agriculture and not pull the pesticide/herbicide trigger.

Kochia is classified as noxious or invasive, but why not see Kochia as an ally - a wild plant that can be used as food, fodder and medicine.


Photo Attribution
By WildBoar (Own work) [Public domain], <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AKochia_scoparia_01.JPG">via Wikimedia Commons</a>

(1)http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/MAC_proceedings/2003/pdf/murray_kochia.pdf
(2)http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2012/06/978-87-92779-53-3.pdf
(3)http://www.toxicsaction.org/problems-and-solutions/pesticides

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